Diwans of Maharashtra
1945-1958: Bhausaheb Shantaram More () †
1946 def.
Chhatrapatis of Maharashtra
1777-1808: Shahu II
1808-1847: Pratapsingh I
1847-1848: Shahaji I
1848-1863: Pratapsingh II
1863-1876: Shahaji II
1876-1887: Rajaram III
-inaugurates Praja Sabha in reaction to Great Indian Famine (1876-8)
-sends order on the subject, sneaks it through guards
-seats won by pro-Chhatrapati people
-issuance of Charter by it, Peshwa weakened a great deal
-and Chhatrapati freed from "golden cage"
1887-1946: Shahu III
-organizes Federation of Maharashtra > Shiv Sabha to dominate elections
-wildly successful in this regard
-in 1891, a law enacted which reorganizes administration, dissolves Ashta Pradhan and members pensioned off
-embarks on ambitious reform agenda
-reservations for non-Brahmins (meaning Marathas mostly)
-reforms targeted to end famine and ensure food security
-makes railroads, universities, medical colleges
-sells claims over Aligarh to pay for it
-British Wars > Hindustani War of Independence (1936-9) happens
-Maratha regiments in Hindustan serve on side with British
-some of them desert, Shahu condemns this
-causes controversy at home, but elites largely pro-British side because of aristocrats getting brutally murdered
-controversy makes itself known in the Praja Sabha
-ultimately Hindustani rebels prevail
-in wake of war, Shahu decides to dissolve British ties, Maharashtra declares itself fully independent
-and forced to reform Praja Sabha, make it more democratic
1946-1949: Shivaji III
1949-1953: Venkatji
1953-1984: Rajaram IV
1984-2003: Shahaji III
2003-xxxx: Shivaji IV
Peshwas of Maharashtra
1774-1796: Madhavrao II
1796-1851: Bajirao II
-faced with British Wars > Zaman Shah Durrani's invasion of India (1800-1)
-forced to make an alliance to beat it off
-devastates many of the northern feudatories but is beaten off
-in its aftermath alliance with British becomes permanent
-followed by British Wars > Anglo-Hyderabadi War (1804-7), in which Maharashtra allies with British against Hyderabadi
-helps seal the deal with the alliance
-during British Wars > Popular Revolution disarray (1827-35), British authority badly shaken
-also modulates treaty, becomes more autonomous
1851-1874: Nanarao
-sends troops to the effort in the British Wars > Opium Expedition (1853-4)
-very much iconic in this regard, British blame atrocities of that war on them
1874-1891: Madhavrao III
1891: Position abolished
-faced with Great Indian Famine (1876-8), outflanked and Praja Sabha assembled
-following abolition, Madhavrao III forced into retirement
-but Peshwas keep massive feudal estate, and get to be prominent in Praja Sabha